What Is Microplastic?
Microplastic refers to tiny plastic fragments smaller than 5 millimeters, typically divided into two categories:
- Primary microplastics: Small plastic particles specifically produced for certain uses, such as microbeads in cosmetics.
- Secondary microplastics: Fragments resulting from the breakdown of larger plastic products, such as bags or fishing nets, over time.
According to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), around 11 million tons of plastic enter the world’s oceans annually - a figure projected to triple by 2040 if current trends continue. (Verdensmål.org)
Tire Particles as Microplastic
Car tires are made from a complex blend of materials, including:
Natural rubber: A biodegradable component, though only a fraction of modern tires.
Synthetic rubber: Made from plastic polymers like styrene-butadiene, classified as plastic.
Additives: Materials like zinc oxide, softeners, and antioxidants - like 6PPD, which enhance tire performance but can harm the environment.
As tires wear down during driving, they release particles that range from visible fragments to microscopic sizes under 5 millimeters - placing them within the microplastic category.
Facts About Tire Particles:
- Global Contribution to Microplastic Pollution:
According to a report by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), tire particles account for up to 28% of microplastic pollution globally - making them one of the largest sources. (IUCN Report) - In Denmark:
An estimated 7.000 tons of tire particles are released annually in Denmark, much of which ends up in rainwater runoff that carries the particles into sewers, rivers, and eventually the ocean. - Chemical Complexity:
Tire particles contain up to 400 different chemicals, including heavy metals and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), which pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health.
Similarities and Differences Between Tire Particles and Microplastic
Similarities:
- Size and Spread: Tire particles are often small enough to qualify as microplastic and are transported over long distances through air and water.
- Environmental Impact: Like microplastic, tire particles accumulate in ecosystems, posing risks to plants, animals, and potentially humans.
- Toxicity: Both types of particles release harmful chemicals into the environment.
Differences:
- Composition: Tire particles are a mix of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and various additives, making them more complex than traditional microplastic.
- Source: Microplastics typically come from a wide range of plastic products, while tire particles specifically originate from the wear of vehicle tires.
Environmental Consequences of Tire Particles
Tire particles are a significant contributor to pollution in soil and water:
- Runoff Through Rainwater: Rainwater washes tire particles from roads into sewers, rivers, and oceans, where they accumulate in sediments and may enter the food chain.
- Harm to Aquatic Life: Studies show that tire particles can reduce reproduction and survival rates in fish and other aquatic organisms.
- Long-Term Effects: These particles degrade very slowly, meaning their environmental impact can last for decades.
How Does BAIONYX Help Solve the Problem?
BAIONYX has developed a filter technology capable of removing up to 97% of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from rainwater. This includes microplastics from tires as well as other harmful particles like cigarette butts, chewing gum, and heavy metals.
Benefits of BAIONYX's Solution:
- Effectiveness: Significantly reduces pollution and protects the environment.
- Flexibility: Can be installed in existing sewer systems without any modifications.
- Prevention: Stops tire particles before they reach natural ecosystems, safeguarding both wildlife and humans.
Can Tire Particles Be Classified as Microplastic?
Yes, rubber from car tires can, in many cases, be classified as microplastic. While tire particles have a more complex composition, they share many harmful characteristics with microplastic and are often treated as a subcategory.
To Sum Up
Tire particles are a major source of microplastic pollution, and their environmental impact cannot be ignored. Recognizing tire particles as a form of microplastic allows us to target solutions for this overlooked but significant pollution source. With innovative technologies like BAIONYX’s filters, we can make a real difference for the environment and future generations.
Sources
Verdensmål.org – Microplastic in Danish Waters, IUCN – Primary Microplastics in the Oceans, Aktuel Naturvidenskab – Microplastic from Tires, Fraunhofer Institute – Plastic in the Environment
